The main difference between plants and algae are that plants contain two types of chlorophyll and receive oxygen from the air, whereas most algae only have one type of chlorophyll and receives oxygen from water.
Background Information on Feeding Habits. Students might handle the animals roughly and need to be reminded to be gentle. Credit for the activity. The group members, basing some of it on the Rocky Intertidal station, developed the activities for this station.
This activity will allow the students to distinguish between plants and animals in the marine world. Students will gain knowledge of different methods of feeding in marine organisms. Students will be able to work together and play a game that will demonstrate the feeding strategies discussed in the station. Materials Needed. Step-by-Step Procedure. Gather students around the a table with pictures of animals, algae and plants.
Images, work sheets, additional web pages. Items for discussion or conclusion. Beyond the Activity Further activities which relate to and extend the complexity of the experiment. Web Resources A web address with information on the topic of the activity. University of California Press, Berkeley: Buchsbaum, Ralph, et al. Animals Without Backbones.
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago: Feeding Habits of Marine Animals. Author s :. Date :. Summary of Activity This activity is a 20 to 25 minute station that is designed to educate students about animals they might not have recognized as conventional animals, as opposed to plants or algae.
Grade levels Grades with a group size of Background information Introduction The scientific principles that the activity are based upon: This activity focuses on educating students about marine animals that do not look like conventional animals.
I know the protobranch bivalves such as Nuculana Acuta are deposit feeders. I can't think of anyway filter feeding vs suspension feeding is different.
Unless some bivalves capture food in their siphon. Reply Quote 0. Joined: Apr 10, Posts: 25, User Profile Private Message. I got it. Filter Feeding indicates they are actively pumping water through their gills. Suspension feeding indicates they are letting water flow through, and they are not actively pumping.
In other words, deposit feeders are animals that ingest particles in the sediments. Therefore, they are dominant in muddy sediments. They live on muddy and sandy sediments. They fulfil their nutrient requirement from the sediment of the seafloor mainly. Flounders, eels, haddock, bass, crabs, shellfish, snails and sea cucumbers are several examples of deposit feeders.
Generally, sediments contain low organic matter. Hence, in order to meet the energetic requirement, deep feeders may need to ingest large amounts of sediments continuously.
This reduces the organic matter content in sediments. It also releases ammonium wastes to benthic microalgae and other microorganisms.
The key difference between suspension and deposit feeders is that suspension feeders obtain nutrients from the suspension while deposit feeders obtain nutrients from the sediment. Moreover, the suspension feeders are mostly filter feeders that create water currents through a filer-like structure to capture particles. Meanwhile, the deposit feeders swallow a large amount of sediments in order to meet their energy requirement.
Therefore, they eat all the time. Thus, this is also a significant difference between suspension and deposit feeders. Many planktonic protozoans were once thought to be smaller than turbulent eddies and, therefore, not affected by turbulent variability in fluid motions.
Recent studies have, however, found that the feeding rates of some protozoans can increase or decrease significantly in response to moderate levels of turbulence.
Suspension feeders living in the benthic boundary layer face strong vertical gradients in velocity, turbulence, and particle concentrations.
Many passive suspension feeders have a stalked morphology or build tubes that elevate their feeding structures to regions of enhanced particle supply e.
If the concentration and horizontal flux offood particles reach a local maximum at some height above the bottom, many passive suspension feeders such as tube-building polychaetes can optimize the height at which they feed by varying the height of their tube or the extension of their feeding tentacles. Many suspension feeders inhabiting shallow, coastal areas experience flow that oscillates in time due to wave motion.
The behaviors of many benthic suspension feeders have been observed to differ between steady, unidirectional flows and oscillatory flows. Quantitative measures of particle contact, retention, and capture in oscillatory flows are, however, poorly understood relative to those in steady, unidirectional flows see Waves as an Ecological Process.
Like all trophic processes, suspension feeding is integral to many ecological interactions. For example, bacterivory by suspension-feeding protozoans and grazing on those protozoans by larger zooplankton are major linkages in pelagic food webs. Unlike many other predator-prey interactions, however, the activities of most suspension feeders extend beyond biotic interactions to affect a wide range of biogeochemical processes.
The vast majority of sessile invertebrates that colonize hard substrata are suspension feeders. These organisms include bryozoans, ascidians, hydroids, encrusting sponges, mussels, and barnacles. Dense assemblages of these sessile suspension feeders often form what are termed 'fouling communities' that create unique microhabitats for other organisms. Suspension-feeding corals create an even more extensive habitat that supports diverse communities see Coral Reefs.
Another obvious impact that suspension feeders have on the environment involves the aggregation and removal of many small particles from suspension.
Pelagic grazers such as copepods and ciliates process thousands of microalgal and bacterial cells every hour. The capture and ingestion of these small, dilute food items usually results in aggregation in the form of fecal pellets that sink more rapidly out of the water column and increase the export of organic material from the photic zone to deeper depths. Benthic suspension feeders can also remove vast quantities of phytoplankton and other particles from suspension. The unintentional introduction of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha into North American lakes and rivers has greatly altered the ecosystem because dense populations can effectively clear the entire bodies of water they inhabit of phytoplankton and other particles every few days see Invasive Species.
In soft-sediment habitats, some infauna suspension feed by pumping water through their burrows or tubes and capturing food particles with a mucus net. In addition to removing particles from suspension, this type of infaunal pumping irrigates subsurface, anoxic layers of sediment, creating suitable habitat for many small metazoans. Suspension feeders that inhabit soft sediments tend to be more common in sandy substrates than in mud.
Mud and silt particles accumulate only in regions of reduced water flow, which is not conducive to passive suspension feeding.
In addition, fine-grained mud and silt can clog the filter elements of some suspension feeders. Many benthic suspension feeders live in dense aggregations. In fact, many suspension feeders such as corals, bryozoans, and ascidians are colonial. Nearby neighbors can alter local flow fields and particle concentrations.
Downstream members of a colony often experience reduced velocities and particle concentrations due to the 'current shading' of upstream neighbors. When roughness elements that obstruct flow e. This can lead to reduced local velocities and depleted particle concentrations within the aggregation, for example, over stretches of coral reefs or mussel beds.
Nature Biological Bulletin Limnology and Oceanography
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